There are few races in the world that possess Russia’s natural beauty and royal history, so it’s no surprise to learn that Russian dog breeds accompanied them on their travels. Many of these breeds have been developed over centuries and have evolved to do almost everything a dog could ever be asked to do, herding, guarding, hunting or just being your furry companion. Learn more about these 20 Russian dog breeds.
01.Borzoi (Russian Wolfhound)
Borzoi or Russian Wolfhound The Borzoi, or Russian Wolfhound, is a sleek weak-boned breed that has long fine hairs and a slender head; the breed was originally bred to hunt wolves. Borzois were bred in Russia for use as hunting dogs and were specifically trained to hunt wolves but also as a faithful companion and a fantastic show dog due to their speed, agility and gentle demeanor. dog
Breed Overview
GROUP: Working
HEIGHT: 21-23.5 inches (male); 19-21 inches (female)
WEIGHT: 45-65 lbs (males); 35-50 lbs (females)
PERSONALITY/TEMPERAMENT: Vocal, active, protective
ENERGY LEVEL: High COAT AND COLOR: White, biscuit, or cream, long hair
LIFE SPAN: 12-14 years.
02.Siberian Husky
The Russian native Siberian Husky is one of the most strikingly beautiful blue-eyed dogs, with a lush thick double coat. A breed from Siberia where it was bred for sledding duty and endurance. As a result, they work very well with active families on the move as they are very easy-going, active and social.
Breed Overview
GROUP: Working
HEIGHT: 21-23.5 inches (male); 20-22 inches (female)
WEIGHT: 45-60 lbs (male); 35-50 lbs (female)
PERSONALITY/TEMPERAMENT: Family-friendly, vocal, energetic
ENERGY LEVEL: High
COAT AND COLOR: white, black, or a blend of colors including red, black and tan, gray, brown, agouti, black, or sable, contributing to their stunning appearance.
LIFE SPAN: 12-14 years
03.Samoyed
A beloved Russian breed known for its happy smile and fluffy white coat is the Samoyed. The dogs were bred by the Samoyed people of Siberia for herding and sledding. Samoyeds are best suited to homes with families that can give them lots of love and attention.
Breed Overview
GROUP: Working
HEIGHT: 21-23.5 inches (male); 19-21 inches (female)
WEIGHT: 45-65 lbs (males); 35-50 lbs (females)
PERSONALITY/TEMPERAMENT: Vocal, active, protective
ENERGY LEVEL: High
COAT AND COLOR: White, biscuit, or cream, long hair
LIFE SPAN: 12-14 years
04.Caucasian Shepherd Dog (Caucasian Ovcharka)
Originating from Russia, specifically the Caucasus region, is the Caucasian Shepherd Dog, also known as the Caucasian Ovcharka. A breed that commands attention, the massive and powerful Tibetan Mastiff weighs 110-220 pounds and stands 23-30 inches tall with a commanding demeanor. These puppies have a thick double coat and strong-willed personality, they are great watch dogs but not for first time owners as they are very protective.
Breed Overview
GROUP: N/A
HEIGHT: 23 to 30 inches
W:EIGHT: 110-220 pounds
PERSONALITY/TEMPERAMENT: Loyal, courageous, protective
ENERGY LEVEL: Medium
COAT AND COLOR: Agouti and white, black and gray, cream, fawn, gray, grizzle, red, rust, sable, or white with/without white markings, piebald, or brindle markings, medium length with a double-coat
LIFE SPAN: 10-12 years
05.Black Russian Terrier
Black Russian Terrier — Originated in Russia [Robust Working Dog, Military & Police Service) They have a height of 26-30 inches and can weigh between 80-130 lbs with a bold and protective personality. Their black double coat and large size qualify them to also serve as loyal family guard dog, as well as multi-purpose working dog in different roles.
Breed Overview
GROUP: Working
HEIGHT: 26-30 inches (female); 27 to 30 inches (male)
WEIGHT: 80-130 lbs
PERSONALITY/TEMPERAMENT: Intelligent, courageous, calm
ENERGY LEVEL: Medium
COAT AND COLOR: striking black, medium to long, curly double coat, adding to its imposing presence and allure.
LIFE SPAN: 10-12 years
06.Russian Toy
The Russian Toy, also known as the Russian Chihuahua, is a small, lively dog. They are loyal companions and require attention, little to no grooming and lots of affection. Like most toy dogs, their teeth require some extra attention, but they are a relatively healthy breed. A toy dog breed, elegant and small, that is hairdresser and long-haired.
Breed Overview
GROUP: Toy
HEIGHT: 8-11 inches
WEIGHT: Up to 6.5 lbs
PERSONALITY/TEMPERAMENT: Loyal, bold, lively, companionable, protective
ENERGY LEVEL: High
COAT AND COLOR: Black and tan, brown and tan, blue and tan, or red with or without black or brown, smooth and short coat
LIFE SPAN: 12-14 years
07.Central Asian Shepherd Dog
Central Asian Shepherd Dog The Central Asian Shepherd, a native of Russia, is a very strong guardian and a distant relative of the herding group. They have a double coat of fur that is thick and somewhat shaggy which allows them to protect themselves in harsh weather conditions and their muscle structure is particularly good for protecting livestock and resisting all kinds of harsh environments.
Breed Overview
GROUP: N/A
HEIGHT: 25.5-27.5 inches
WEIGHT: 88-110 lbs
PERSONALITY/TEMPERAMENT: Protective, independent, fearless
ENERGY LEVEL: Medium
COAT AND COLOR: black, brindle, gray, white, and fawn colors, sporting a short coat with a dense undercoat.
LIFE SPAN: 12-17 years
08.Russian Spaniel
A Russian Spaniel is a cheerful hunting breed, originated in Russia, has a positive temperament and is lively. They are an affectionate and eager to breed – which for some, makes them an ideal breed for an active family that enjoys their hunting skills, and goofy cuddles.
Breed Overview
GROUP: N/A
HEIGHT: 15-17 inches
WEIGHT: 28-40 lbs
PERSONALITY/TEMPERAMENT: Alert, devoted, active
ENERGY LEVEL: High
COAT AND COLOR: black, brown, tan, and white hues, featuring medium to long hair.
LIFE SPAN: 14 years
09.East European Shepherd
Eastern European Shepherd (Russia) — Developed from German Shepherds, the Eastern European Shepherd has become a flexible working breed. Aggressive yet social and adaptive, these canines learn quickly and are valued and loyal in police work and military tasks. Another example is the Boerboel, South Africa’s big, strong and fiercely loyal guard dog. They make great pets and protectors with a strong build and instincts to match it across many environments.
Breed Overview
GROUP: N/A
HEIGHT: 24-28 inches
WEIGHT: 66-132 lbs
PERSONALITY/TEMPERAMENT: Protective, smart, tough
ENERGY LEVEL: High
COAT AND COLOR: Black and tan, sable, solid black, medium hair
LIFE SPAN: 10-14 years
10.Laika
Proud Russian breed Laika have long been used as a hunting and working dog. Not only are the Laika faithful but they also flourish in the cold. Commonly used for hunting, herding and guarding, they make wonderful all-around dogs. Laikas Laikas are revered companions and working dogs in Russia and further afield, and their striking rust-coloured coat and robust nature help to set them apart.
Breed Overview
GROUP: N/A
HEIGHT: 15-26 inches
WEIGHT: 14-50 lbs
PERSONALITY/TEMPERAMENT: Loyal, affectionate, devoted
ENERGY LEVEL: High
COAT AND COLOR: Variable, medium to long hair
LIFE SPAN: 10-15 years
11.Sulimov
Sulimov, created by Russian scientist Klim Sulimov, is an unusual mix of dog and fox stock. Sulimov, with a wonderful sense of smell and thinking ability, are valued and used as scent detection dogs. This enables them to be used to detect explosives and narcotics, making them known around the world for their exceptional talent.
Breed Overview
GROUP: N/A
HEIGHT: 26-32 inches
WEIGHT: 62- 84 lbs
PERSONALITY/TEMPERAMENT: Loyal, eager, brave
ENERGY LEVEL: High
COAT AND COLOR: Gray, tan, white, beige, long and smooth hair
LIFE SPAN: Unknown
12.South Russian Ovcharka
Originally from Ukraine, the South Russian Ovcharka, also called the South Russian Sheepdog, is a huge, strong breed. This breed is excellent at watching over animals because of its long, thick coat and protective demeanor. The South Russian Ovcharka is a smart and independent dog that needs to be handled carefully and socialized from an early age to guarantee a balanced disposition.
Breed Overview
GROUP: N/A
HEIGHT: 15-17 inches
WEIGHT: 66-77 lbs
PERSONALITY/TEMPERAMENT: Hardworking, protective, stubborn
ENERGY LEVEL: Medium
COAT AND COLOR: White, gray, long hair
LIFE SPAN: 9-11 years
13.Moscow Watchdog
Russia created the massive, strong Moscow Watchdog breed by mating St. Bernards with Caucasian Shepherd Dogs. This breed, which has a mild disposition toward family, is fiercely loyal and guards its home. It is well-known for these traits. They do best with experienced owners and need constant training and socialization.
Breed Overview
GROUP: N/A
HEIGHT: 26-29 inches (females); 27-31 inches (males)
WEIGHT: Over 99 lbs
PERSONALITY/TEMPERAMENT: Assertive, powerful, confident
ENERGY LEVEL: Medium
COAT AND COLOR:white with red spots, red-black, black-red, or sable spot patterns,
LIFE SPAN: 9-11 years
14. Chortai
A unique breed of sighthound from Russia and Ukraine, the Chortai is renowned for its extraordinary quickness and agility. This breed, which has historically been employed for hunting, is excellent at pursuing prey across wide areas. The Chortai is a devoted and active dog that needs regular exercise and a knowledgeable owner to control its passionate disposition and predatory drive.
Breed Overview
GROUP: N/A
HEIGHT: 24-30 inches
WEIGHT: 40-77 lbs
PERSONALITY/TEMPERAMENT: Alert, obedient, friendly
ENERGY LEVEL: High
COAT AND COLOR: Black, white, brindle, cream, sable, red, short hair
LIFE SPAN: 14-15 years
15.Yakutian Laika
The Yakutian Laika, native to Siberia, is a versatile breed used for herding, hunting, and sledding. Known for its resilience in harsh climates, this breed has a friendly, energetic, and intelligent nature. With its thick double coat, the Yakutian Laika thrives in cold weather and requires regular exercise and mental stimulation to stay happy and healthy.
Breed Overview
GROUP:Working
HEIGHT: 21 to 24 inches (male),20 to 23 inches (female)
WEIGHT: 40 to 55 pounds (male),35 to 50 pounds (female)
PERSONALITY/TEMPERAMENT: friendly, energetic, and intelligent
ENERGY LEVEL: High
COAT AND COLOR: shades, including white, black and white, gray, and red.
LIFE SPAN: 12 to 15 years
16.Taigan
The Central Asian Taigan sighthound breed is highly sought-after for its hunting skills, quickness, and agility. It is excellent in coursing game over wide stretches of terrain thanks to its graceful build and acute senses. The Taigan, renowned for its independence and loyalty, is a faithful companion for seasoned owners who value its energetic personality and rich history.
Breed Overview
GROUP: N/A
HEIGHT: 24 to 28 inches (male),22 to 26 inches (female)
WEIGHT: 55 to 105 pounds (male),45 to 85 pounds (female)
PERSONALITY/TEMPERAMENT: independent, intelligent, and spirited
ENERGY LEVEL: High
COAT AND COLOR: White,Grey,Red,Fawn,Black,Brindle
LIFE SPAN: 12 to 14 years
17. Russian Tsvetnaya Bolonka
The Russian Tsvetnaya Bolonka, a small toy breed originating from Russia, is cherished for its charming personality and fluffy coat. Known for its affectionate and playful nature, this breed thrives as a companion animal. With its lively demeanor and adaptability to various living situations, the Russian Tsvetnaya Bolonka makes a delightful addition to any household.
Breed Overview
GROUP: N/A
HEIGHT: 11 inches
WEIGHT: 6-9 lbs
PERSONALITY/TEMPERAMENT: Affectionate, tolerant, intelligent
ENERGY LEVEL: Medium
COAT AND COLOR: Almost any color including gray, red, fawn, cream, and black, long hair
LIFE SPAN: 14-20 years
18.Russian Harlequin Hound
A beautiful hunting breed from Russia, the Russian Harlequin Hound is distinguished by its unique harlequin coat pattern. This breed is excellent at tracking and following animals due to its strong hunting instincts and good sense of smell. Hunters adore the Russian Harlequin Hound for its dexterity and perseverance in the field, in addition to its famed athleticism and endurance.
Breed Overview
GROUP: N/A
HEIGHT: 22 to 26 inches
WEIGHT: 40 to 60 pounds
PERSONALITY/TEMPERAMENT: affectionate, loyal , intelligent
ENERGY LEVEL: heigh
COAT AND COLOR: large black or dark gray
LIFE SPAN: 10 to 14 years
19.Karelian Bear Dog
Originating from Finland and Russia, the Karelian Bear Dog is a fearless and independent hunting dog. A very brave animal, it is particularly good at hunting large game, especially bears. This medium-sized breed is prized as a working and companion dog, as it has strong protective instincts and is loyal, and has a distinctive black or white coat.
Breed Overview
GROUP: N/A
HEIGHT: 21-24 inches(Males), 19-22 inches(Females)
WEIGHT: 45-50 pounds(Males), 35-45 pounds(Females)
PERSONALITY/TEMPERAMENT: Bold,Independent,Fearless,Loyal,Protective
ENERGY LEVEL: heigh
COAT AND COLOR: Dense, straight, and stiff outer coat with a soft, thick undercoat.
Color: Predominantly black with distinct white markings on the head, neck, chest, abdomen, and legs.
LIFE SPAN: 10-13 years
20.Russo-European Laika
Russia’s Russo-European Laika is a multipurpose hunting dog renowned for its remarkable tracking abilities and versatility. It is a medium-sized animal that hunts a variety of wildlife, including birds and larger animals, and has a thick, weather-resistant coat. This breed is a cherished companion and effective working dog due to its intelligence, activity, and loyalty.
Breed Overview
GROUP: N/A
HEIGHT: 21-23 inches(Males), 20-22 inches(Females)
WEIGHT: 40-50 pounds (Males), 35-45 pounds (Females)
PERSONALITY/TEMPERAMENT: Intelligent,Energetic,Alert,Independent,Loyal
ENERGY LEVEL: heigh
COAT AND COLOR: black, white, gray, and red.
LIFE SPAN: 12-15 years
21.Chukotka Sled Dog
The Chukotka Sled Dog, originating from Russia’s Chukotka region, is a resilient and long-lasting breed. Bred by the native Chukchi people, it thrives in the harsh Arctic climate, excelling in both transportation and hunting. With its durable build and thick coat, it remains an indispensable ally for Arctic expeditions, embodying strength and endurance in extreme conditions.
Breed Overview
GROUP: N/A
HEIGHT: 20-23 inches (Males), 18-21 inches (Females)
WEIGHT: 35-60 pounds (Males), 30-55 pounds (Females)
PERSONALITY/TEMPERAMENT: Intelligent,Hardy,Independent,Loyal,Energetic
ENERGY LEVEL: heigh
COAT AND COLOR: white, black, gray, and sometimes red or sable.
LIFE SPAN: 12-15 years
